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currency change
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46 documenti Per currency change
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... monetary policies) to adopt the single currency in 1999 should by now be clear even to the layman.... of the euro dummy coefficients may change substantially according to the period considered. ...
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... the ruble zone and established its own currency (Kroon), which helped gather support for difficult... cannot address structural and other changes resulting from the monetary integration. Specifica...
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Beyond the respective functioning of the classical gold standard and the interwar gold-exchange standard, one of the main differences between both periods was the degree of labour mobility. While the pre-1914 world was characterised by massive migration flows, the interwar years were marked by a dramatic fall in labour movements, owing to the adoption of restrictive immigration policies in the main receiving countries. As a result, labour mobility could no longer play the adjustment mechanism role that it did during the classical gold standard. Indeed, the existence of a number of adjustment constraints, including wage rigidities and factor immobility, led those countries with fixed exchange rates to adopt counterproductive adjustment mechanisms, such as trade protectionism, that result...
...) within the framework of the optimum currency area theory. As a matter of fact, international mi... adjustment: the correlation between changes in the current account and variations in the emigr...
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- Real convergence in the new Member States of the European Union (Shorter and longer term prospects).
... to take full advantage of the single currency--taking into consideration the restrictions of the... rate movements, the effect of the changes in the global resource and food prices) might temp...
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Recent years have again brought to the fore the need to restore effective quantitative and qualitative control of public spending in Italy. The protracted, implacable growth of primary current expenditure was long offset and hidden by an increase in the ratio of tax revenue to GDP, the curbing of capital expenditure, and the significant contraction -- now at an end -- in interest expenditure. Effective control is impeded, however, by slow economic growth and poor social cohesion, by lack of political will and political capability, and by some institutional features of the budget formulation and management process. Among the institutional factors that make public expenditure rigid and hard to control, this article focuses on the length of the process for making decisions and acting and o...
... primary current spending, and the single-currency dividend of sharply reduced interest payments coul... and confused owing to the profound changes of recent decades, in particular:. - the large siz...
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... start by identifying dates of structural change, and the characteristics of the de facto exchange .... Capital flows and conditions on currency markets changed profoundly from late 2007 onwards....
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... like division of labour, trade, structural change, population growth, accumulation, and innovation t... 1--GDP per capita at PPP in a uniform currency Country Maddison 2003 ICP 2005 International $ of ...
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...This small change in the illustrative model explained in the previou...
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... paper uses a range of methods to assess changes in income, poverty and income distribution between...(*) The Tenge is the national currency of Kazakhstan. Table 2: Poverty Change Decompositi...
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...); a series of events that inadvertently changed not only the countries directly involved, but also... funds) has contributed to an overvalued currency inhibiting productive investment. . Some of these ...
