Uno specifico studio in quest’area è indispensabile per la revisione della dir. 2003/98/CE previsto per il 2012. In questo contesto, il tema centrale è il seguente: esistono questioni sulle licenze per le quali provvedimenti legislativi, in particolare con riguardo all’art. 8 della dir. 2003/98/CE potrebbero essere opportuni al fine di facilitare il riutilizzo dei dati pubblici? In quest’ottica l’analisi: - si sviluppa sulla base delle attuali regole della direttiva sulle licenze ed ha riguardo sia del livello tecnologico che giuridico; - presenta un quadro analitico per esplorare l’impatto degli strumenti giuridici coi quali è messa a disposizione l’informazione del settore pubblico, e quindi anche licenze, al fine di fondere i diversi dati pubblici e facilitare l’emergenza di un servi...
Since the 1970s complexity as a property of systems has become a matter of study for the many scientific disciplines that share the view that the reductionist approach to describing phenomena is not always efficacious. The method of describing the parts of a system individually and then assembling these accounts in an overall description cannot capture the emerging phenomena that originate from the nonlinear interactions among the parts, nor can it identify the endogenous dynamics of complex systems in disequilibrium, which are at the origin of phenomena of self-organization that are unpredictable a priori. Economic systems appear to follow complex dynamics, particularly spatial economic systems, such as urban and regional systems. The interpretative framework of complexity proposes a n...
... such as prices, wages, interest rates, money, monopoly and even the business cycle are the outc...
..., secure private property rights, and stable money together with good governance and some degree of s...
This article deals with an important aspect of South Italy's economy, that of the ship market in Apulia in the first fifteen years of the nineteenth century. The primary source used in the study are notary records which, although time-consuming and not easy to consult, are the only source which enables us to explore the business world in minute detail and to throw light on a market such as that of ships. Considering a number of important towns in Apulia in the period under study, the article examines the distribution of ship sales, the total volume of business generated by the sales, the type of ship and related prices, ships' names and the setting up of boat companies. The picture that emerges of the ship market in Apulia is that although it was not absent in the various sectors (sales...
... to form a picture of the amounts of money made from the leases, since the methods of payment...
... tend to raise the public debt and transfer money to local governments in order to provide better po...
... small investors lost substantial amounts of money catalyzed such debates.5 At the end of 2007, a new...
Beyond the respective functioning of the classical gold standard and the interwar gold-exchange standard, one of the main differences between both periods was the degree of labour mobility. While the pre-1914 world was characterised by massive migration flows, the interwar years were marked by a dramatic fall in labour movements, owing to the adoption of restrictive immigration policies in the main receiving countries. As a result, labour mobility could no longer play the adjustment mechanism role that it did during the classical gold standard. Indeed, the existence of a number of adjustment constraints, including wage rigidities and factor immobility, led those countries with fixed exchange rates to adopt counterproductive adjustment mechanisms, such as trade protectionism, that result...
...Besides, migrants are inclined to send money to their family and their remittances also contrib...
National governments are beginning to realize that competition cannot be allowed to consist in "social dumping," to unhinge a century of civil and social advance and enhancement of fundamental human rights. These are the circumstances under which the reform of the welfare system, in Italy as elsewhere, has become urgent in order to provide social protection consistent with the new employment and social emergencies. In July 2008 Maurizio Sacconi, the minister of labor, health and social policy, decided to launch a national discussion, coming out with a green paper entitled "La vita buona nella societa attiva". The ensuing discussion involved 99 associations, political parties, social organizations, non-profit bodies, social and church groups and led to the publication of a second paper. ...
...Just as "bad money drives out good" in the monetary system, so in the...
This article constructs a conjectural balance sheet for the finances of James VI of Scotland (1567-1625), who ruled a rapidly-developing European state. Various accounting concepts are applied to it, including insolvency, liquidity and leverage. James was probably insolvent by the 'quick ratio' test for about twenty years before obtaining the English throne in 1603. The article proposes modifications to the standard paradigm for interpreting pre-modern state finance - the transition from 'domain state' to 'tax state', hitherto discussed with reference only to revenue and expenditure. Assets are argued to be crucial, and a political dimension to fiscal decisions is outlined.
...We can express our money either as income - how much we receive (gross or n...
The article offers and overview of the US financial system in the midst of the crisis. While it considers the main policies undertaken by the new Obama administration, the analysis focuses mainly on the numbers and trends that will determine the financial sector's ability to return to full functioning and break the adverse feed-back loop between the financial sector and the real economy, which is driving towards protracted recession. The evolution of the financial crisis presents the Obama administration with hard choices on how to eliminate toxic assets and recapitalize and re-regulate the financial to avoid further crises in the medium-long term. The analysis indicates that the US banking sector is poised for a $1.6 trillion loss over 2008-2010, of which $850 billion have already been...
... their assets enormously without any deposit money and outside the close supervision of central banks...
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